WRITING TASK - 2

Water scarcity is a serious problem in many countries.

What are the causes of this?

What solution can be done by individuals and the government?

Introduction: - water is the most essential resource that we have and it is impossible to manage life without it. However, water shortage is major ongoing issue and spreading very frequently in many nations. Together with it have harmful consequences throughout the world.

Causes: -

1.       Excess population growth.

2.       Urbanization.

3.       Industrialization.

4.       Mismanagement of water resources.

5.       Excessive use of house hold water.

6.       Traditional irrigation techniques.

Solutions: -

1.       Extensive irrigation methods such as micro irrigation, in which we provide water to plants and crops through sprinklers and drip irrigation.

2.       Legislation limiting water usage could be the most effective way of addressing the problem of water scarcity.

3.       Government should impose high penalty and taxes on companies involved in water pollution.

4.       Awareness campaigns.

5.       Desalination and recycling the waste water.

6.       Rainwater harvesting.

Conclusion: - joint efforts of government and individuals would certainly mitigate this threatening problem. As, it is better to have two hands rather than one.

WRITING TASK - 2

ln some countries, TV programmers are transmitted throughout the day and night. Some people think that 24 hours transmission has positive impacts, while others believe it is negative.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Introduction line: - Twenty first century is marked with significant progress in terms of technology in various aspects and one amid them is television on which a variety of TV shows in the from of daily soaps, sitcoms, documentaries advertisements and news reports are transmitted round clock.

1^St view

1.      This practice keeps people updated of what is happening around them and in globe. For instance, stocks and shares are traded at different time around the would and business people need to be informed about the latest market movement.

2.      With these repeats telecast individuals can catch up with what they missed at their convenient time.

3.      Television acts as a platform for the publicity of new products which is a win-win situation for both the manufacturing companies and audience.

4.      Employment creation and economic advantage of advertising revenue from additional air time is another significant factor.

2^nd view

1.      Too many choices of programs all the time restrict masses to do physical activities which leads them to have inactive/sedentary lifestyle.

2.      Late night viewing could cause issues for insomniacs and encourage people to stay update. Consequently, the ability of individuals to function efficiently at work may be hampered.

3.      Quality family time may diminish with excessive program watching.

Opinion: -

Telecast of TV programs is very helpful for masses in the global village of today and society is 24/7 awake and work hours have round the clock shifts so environment should also be 24/7 but the onus is on the people to have a check on their television viewing and spare time for other activities.

Conclusion: -

Undoubtedly changes in the television content has brought revolution around the world which helped people to know the world better with different prospects but there is no deny in the fact that continuous watching of such broadcasts may have detrimental effects so it should be watched for the sake of knowledge when required without getting affected by its negatives.

Which Paragraph Consist Information

In order to understand the concept of finding these questions try to work smart instead of working hard. Instead of finding the paragraph question wise, try to find the questions along with the passage.

Follow the following steps to understand the question:

a.     Instead of searching the question first, read the single paragraph first. For an example question number 14-19 are which paragraph contains which information, so read Paragraph A and match the contents of the paragraph with questions.

b.     If the content matches any question, write the name of that paragraph in the box of that question in your answer sheet. To elaborate – After reading Paragraph A move towards the questions and match the information in the question to the information in the paragraph, and suppose the information in the passage matches the information given in question 16. So, write the answer in box 16 of your answer sheet.

c.      If the content of the paragraph does not match any paragraph. Leave the paragraph. Move to the next paragraph.

d.    
Repeat the steps.

          •Read Paragraph A

          •Match the information in Paragraph A to the information given in question.

          •If it matches, write the Heading A in the answer key infront of that question

          •else leave it

          •Read Paragraph B

          •Match the information in Paragraph A to the information given in question.

          •If it matches, write the Heading A in the answer key infront of that question

          •else leave it

         •Read Paragraph C

         •Match the information in Paragraph A to the information given in question.

         •If it matches, write the Heading A in the answer key infront of that question

         •else leave it

Speaking Part - 2

Describe a decision that you once made

What the decision was?

When you made the decision?

How long did it take you to make the decision?

Explain why it was a difficult decision to make?

It is irrefutable that one should be very clear for one’s choices because our choices define our future.

Here, I would like to talk about a decision which was important for my future prospects and I made the decision because it was my preference too.

It was the time, when I was perplexed for my career. After completing my bachelors in science, I wanted to peruse further education in abroad. On the other hand, my parents wanted me to prepare for competitive jobs in India because they did not want me to stay away from them.

Moreover, after enduring months of ups and downs in the preparation of competitive exams; however, somewhere I was dejected consequently, I was unable to concentrate on my studies.

At that time, I approached my mentor who had taught me in my bachelor’s and she also gave a piece of advice me to study abroad because she was well aware of my capabilities, strengths and weaknesses. Hence, she too recommended as I can do well in it. 

Then, I took a challenging decision that I will complete my master of science from abroad instead of my home country. Although, my parents were not in a favor of the decision yet I convinced them that this is the only thing which I want to do in my life because I wanted to become a data analyst. Furthermore, I found that foreign education provides better support to international students. All and all, it was daunting but worthy decision for me.

Headings

A student has to follow the following steps in order to find out the correct heading of the paragraph-

a)     Read the paragraph carefully and thoroughly.

b)     After reading of the paragraph, shortlist the headings which match the desired summary of the paragraph (paragraph not passage)

c)     Read the headings shortlisted quite carefully as either there will be a specific word due to which the option will be correct heading or wrong heading.

d)     Even if student is still confused as paragraph is talking about both the headings, then students have to see which heading is being talked about in majority of the paragraph.

e)     Now till this point 90% of the headings will be sorted but still in order to confirm the remaining 10% doubt, we have to check whether there is a single sentence which is the main point described in the given passage.

A student has to follow the following steps in order to find out the correct heading of the paragraph-

a)     Read the paragraph carefully and thoroughly.

b)     After reading of the paragraph, shortlist the headings which match the desired summary of the paragraph (paragraph not passage)

c)     Read the headings shortlisted quite carefully as either there will be a specific word due to which the option will be correct heading or wrong heading.

d)     Even if student is still confused as paragraph is talking about both the headings, then students have to see which heading is being talked about in majority of the paragraph.

e)     Now till this point 90% of the headings will be sorted but still in order to confirm the remaining 10% doubt, we have to check whether there is a single sentence which is the main point described in the given passage.

•2. Shortlist the possible headings

•3. Find out the possible elimination words in headings

Speaking part - 2

Describe a special cake you received from others.

When it happened?

Where it happened?

Who you got the cake from?

Explain why it’s a special cake?

·         I’m a sweet tooth, I love to eat cake on different occasions. Here I would like to talk about one such special cake that was presented to me on my achievement.

·         I vividly remember, last year in summer, I achieved 98 percent in 12^th standard. After long hours of study with full dedication and concentration, I was successful in scoring desired scores.

·         The moment I saw my results, I was mouth- opened and stunned. My parents along with my friends appreciated for my hard work and efforts. Apart from it, they planned a surprise party for me at my home in the evening.

·         In the surprise party, I was presented a very unique cake by my friends and family. It was so mesmerizing and delicious too. The most appealing thing about the cake was it had my scores written on it in big numbers 98. Another beautiful feature of the cake was that it had a picture of mine printed on it. Moreover, the layers of the cake were full of colors like a rainbow.

To sum up, I’d say that one such cake is an unforgettable and one in a kind thing received ever. I have a lot of pictures of that as well as of the cake to cherish the moments in future.

True/False

1.                        True/False/Not Given OR Yes/No/Not Given

In order to understand the concept of true/false/not given or yes/no/not given, a person should keep in mind the meaning of the entire sentence and not just focus on a single word meaning. They should also keep in mind

TRUE or YES – If the statement agrees with the information

FALSE or NO - If the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN – If there is no information in the passage

Keeping these things in the mind let me clear it with the help of certain examples.

PARAGRAPH 1: My name is Jack.

QUESTION 1: Jack is my name.

Solution: As the sentence suggest that the name of individual is Jack and the question is stating the same thing, hence the answer will be TRUE 

Let me state another example:

PARAGRAPH 2: Sun rises from the east.

QUESTION 2: East is the direction from where sun rises.

QUESTION 3: West is the direction from where sun rises.

QUESTION 4: North is the direction from where sun rises.

QUESTION 5: Neither sun rises nor it sets.

Solution:

The information given in question 2 is same as the information given in Paragraph. Hence, the answer of second question is TRUE.

The information given in question 3 is opposite to the information given in Paragraph. Hence, the answer of third question is FALSE.

The information given in question 4 contradicts the information given in Paragraph. Hence, the answer of fourth question is FALSE.

The information given in question 5 about setting o sun is not mentioned anywhere in the passage but, the adverb in the sentence of question states that sun does not rise at all, which is contradicting the given information. Hence, the answer of first question is FALSE.

So, in what condition the information will be Not Given – as the instruction suggests that the information is not mentioned anywhere in the passage.

Let me state with an example:

PARAGRAPH 3: Injected drugs reach brain faster than inhaled or eatable drugs.

QUESTION 6: Devoured drugs reach brain faster than breathable drugs.

Solution:

The information given in question 6 is comparing the devoured (synonym of eatable) drugs with breathable (synonym of inhaled) drugs but, the information given in paragraph 3 is comparing the speed of injected drugs reaching brain faster than the other two and not comparing the speed of eatable and inhaled drugs reaching brain. Hence, the answer of sixth question is NOT GIVEN.

Let me state with another example:

PARAGRAPH 4: Airways is faster than Roadways or Railways.

QUESTION 7: Railways is faster than Roadways.

Solution:

The information given in question 7 is comparing the speed of Railways with roadways but the information given in paragraph 4 is only comparing the speed of airways with other two and not comparing the speed of railways or roadways. Hence, the answer of seventh question is NOT GIVEN.

PARAGRAPH 5: Airways is fastest means of transport.

QUESTION 8: Airways is faster than Roadways.

Solution:

The information in the question eight clearly states that the airways is faster than any other means of transport whether it be railways or roadways or waterways. Hence, the answer is TRUE. 

PARAGRAPH 6: Airways is faster than Roadways.

QUESTION 9: Airways is fastest means of transport

Solution:

The information in the question states that airways is faster than roadways but it is not stated that it is faster than any other transport medium or not. Hence, the answer is NOT GIVEN.

Fill Ups

Types of Fill in the blanks

a.     Complete from Passage

b.     Synonyms

Basic Trick: Mark the keywords in the passage and try to either find the same word or its synonym.

Example:

Paragraph: That means soils do not just grow our food, but are the source of nearly all our existing antibiotics, and could be our best hope in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacterial. Soil is also an ally against climate change as microorganisms within soil digest dead animals and plants, they lock their carbon content, holding three times the amount of carbon as does the entire atmosphere.

Question: Healthy soil contain a large variety of bacteria and other microorganisms, as well as plant remains and 1__________. It provides us with food and also with antibiotics, and its function in storing 2. ___________ has a significant effect on climate.

1.     Animals                                                         2. carbon

Writing task 2

Some People believe famous people’s support towards international aid organizations draws the attentions to problems, whereas others think celebrities make the problems less important.

Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

Introduction: - global non-profit organizations play an important role in highlighting the social issues at various forums and in the cinematic world the participation of celebrities in support of these institutions have become common. Considering this, it is asserted that the involvement of famous people will draw more attention of common individuals towards social issues whereas some oppose it and say that famous personalities can lessen the severity of the situation.

1^st view

§  Famous people draw media attention wherever they go which helps to highlight the aid organization and the problem.

§  Charities or causes can be made more popular by celebrity involvement princess Diana as an illustration, she championed the problem of land mines and brought enormous international attention to another wise forgotten problem.

§  Celebrities are able to bridge gap between a tragedy that has occurred in a distant place and bring it into people’s sitting rooms, making the problem seem real and less remote.

§  Famous people’s words often have more reach and more global identity hence, they are able to influence people in different countries and cultures all over the world.

§  People are more likely to give donations when they are called to action by their favorite actor or sportsmen.

§  Famous voices calling people to action have more power and influence than someone the public have never heard. In other words, a familiar voice is often more compelling.

 2^nd view

§  More media attention may be given to the famous persons involvement than the actual aid organization and can draw attention away from the problem itself.

§  Celebrity involvement can make the message shallow coming from a famous star who does not directly work with the charity.

§  Using famous people to draw attention to particular global problem helps to promote world inequality which should be avoided.

§  Some people may be put off the aid organization if they do not like that particular famous person.

§  People may lose interest in a charity if the famous person stops their involvement.

§  If the famous person’s image is damaged in the media for any particular reasons, it could have repercussions on the charity and the problem.

Opinion: - Celebrities coming forward to help is a very good thing which motivated others also to step forward to help. Moreover, all famous people should do their utmost to fulfil their social obligations and do some public service activities for those charity organizations which can be an effective way to serve those in need but international charities should also be judicious enough to select with popular face they would like to be associated.

Conclusion: -

International aid organizations can attract more citizens’ attention on problems if celebrities give the right support and set up good image.

Writing task 2

Procrastination has been cited in some research articles as one of the farms for poor academic performance by some university students.

What are some of the reasons behind students procrastinating, and what measure can be taken to address the problem?

 Introduction: - It is undeniable that procrastination is the habit of avoiding urgent work even after being aware of the negative consequences it could cause. However, some studies have proved that this way of delaying task is the prominent reason that leads to the downfall of student’s academic life. The reasons involved in this issue along with remedial ideas are mentioned in the subsequent segments.

Common reasons for procrastinating: -

1.      Too much pressure from the family.

2.      Tendency to self-defeat.

3.      Low self-esteem.

4.      Waiting for the night time.

5.      Lack of energy.

Solutions: -

1.      Dividing task in parts.

2.      Have sense of personal identity and higher level of self-esteem.

3.      Develop routines and discipline.

4.      Target the reasons for procrastinating.

Conclusion: - taking everything into an account my foregone conclusion is that procrastination is a serious problem that most of the youngsters face presently, which affects their life negatively. Hence, it is essential for them to take it seriously in order to succeed in the personal as well as work life. This can be done by triggering the causes for delaying work.  

Writing task 2

In some parts of the world traditional festivals and celebrations are disappearing.

Why do you think this is happening and what measures could be taken to counter the situation?

It is undeniable that festivals are a great way for family to get together and celebrate as well as it is the best way to teach new generation about their traditions and customs. But in the recent time there have been a significant decline towards the attitude of elaborated in the upcoming paragraphs along with some viable measures to change it.

To dive into the topic, there are numerous reasons for the same. First and foremost is the hectic schedule as nowadays people are engaged in a very busy lifestyle and because of that they are not able to get that quality time with their love ones. Moreover, all the family members are residing at various location because of their study, work or business and they are not able to get much time off.

Secondly, people are getting more influenced by westernization and because of that they are forgetting their own culture. Also boom in the trend of “nuclear family” can also be one of the pivotal reasons to as there is no elder person in the family who can help them to know about their traditions and its value. More than this, there is significant drop in the enthusiastic of people toward these festivities.

Thirdly, every lock has a key similarly every problem has a solution and there are various steps which can be taken for changing this attitude live making people aware about the importance of celebrating their festivals and also, providing them mush needed knowledge regarding their own culture. Additionally, a good support from neighbors as well as employers can also be fruitful for the same. To elaborate, providing employees with appropriate number of days off.

Taking everything into an account, my foregone conclusion is that festivals are like a chariot which helps to pass the traditions and customs from one generation to other and hence it is very important to celebrate them and there are number of measures which can be taken by people to increase enthusiasm among people towards festivals.

Writing task 2

Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and uses up the world’s fuel resources.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 Introduction: - It is irrefutable that flying jets have become most eminent mode of transportation among visitors. The most high-tech mode of transportation has become a topic of debate nowadays. As it is asserted by some masses that air travel is causing major harm to the environment in matter of burning a tremendous amount of fossil fuel each year and depleting the world oil reserve, and demand that it should be limited.

Disagree: - 1. Many government’s economics depend solely on the income provided by tourism sector which is vitally depend on air travel + example.

2. Many environmentalists have proven that air travel is rather friendly to the environment in comparison to other means of transportation. Additionally, ground and maritime means of transportation producing more than triple CO2 emission and consume way more fossil fuel than air travel.

3. It is one of the easiest ways to commute from one place to another.

4. Less time consuming.

5. This facility has surged the number of business and made easy and short travelling frequency + example.

6. Provide range of job opportunities. To illustrate a survey conducted by Delhi University in 2015 stated that there are 500 million jobs in this department which attracted youngsters due to basic pay and allowances.

Agree: - 1. Less plane usage reduces the amount of fuel usage.

2. It will diminish the environmental issue to the major extent as less number of air plane would fly in the air, it will exhaust less amount of toxic gases in the atmosphere.

3. This action may lead to avail the more land for the people’s shelter who are homeless + example.

Conclusion: - Minimized flight schedule globally is not a viable or long-term solution to tackle the issue of fossil fuel depletion pollution. So, scientists must find a fossil fuel replacement in the future.

Writing task 2

In recent years, the number of crimes committed by teenagers in major cities throughout the would is increasing. Give reasons and suggest some solutions.

Introductory line: - crime is unquestionably one of the most prevailing and worrying aspects in any society and in recent years it is witnessed that offences done by youngsters is escalating at a rampant rate in metropolitan cities around the globe which is becoming a serious concern.

Reasons

1.     Media is one of the powerful influences after watching content on television teenagers try to imitate as it is real. Thus, involve themselves in crime.

2.     Another cause of crime among youth is the changing family structure.

3.     Peer pressure.

4.     Increasing poverty, unemployment and competition is causing hopelessness and frustration among youth makes them to go astray in achieving goals.

5.     Growing demands of children to explain wide variety of products are available in the market and if parents denies to do so, they start doing petty crime which turns to major crime very soon.

Solutions

1.    Censorship of TV channels is needed so that children can be exposed to relevant things.

2.    Good family atmosphere should be provided to children.

3.    Friend circle of the teenagers should be monitored time to time along with their activities.

4.    Parents or guardians must be made aware of their responsibility in raising their off springs as responsible citizens.

5.    Stringent laws and actions against crime can be brought by government to cause fear amongst teenagers.

6.    Young children must be brought up with the awareness of the hazards waiting for them in the society such as media threats and traps, drugs or even at times toxic friendships.

Conclusion: - crime among teens is a big problem and youth alone cannot be blamed for this. Thus, together the government educational system, parents and guardians must pave ways for their children to grow into responsible citizen who are aware of universal human values they must abide.

Speaking part - 2

Talk about an article which you have read about health.

Ø What is was?

Ø When you read it?

Ø Where did you read it?

Ø Why did you read it?

Ø Why do you think it was an interesting read?

·         Well, I am a bookworm. I love to read newspapers and magazines. Here, I would like to talk about a piece of article which I recently came across about health.

·        I read it online on Hindustan times in November this year. I was always stressed about my weight and healthy diet. I wanted to make a resolution on this coming new year to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

·        So, I did some research on healthy living. Meanwhile, I saw an article on intermittent fasting.

·        This article described about intermittent fasting which means fasting for 16 hours every day.

·        This can be done in various ways like eating breakfast at 9am, second meal at 1pm and skipping the dinner.

·        This method helps in losing weight effectively and efficiently as during fasting glucose gets depleted and our body starts burning fat for energy.

·        Previously, I thought eating 3 meals a day and never missing breakfast was crucial as eating breakfast early boosted our metabolism.

·        However, this article emphasized on how fasting can reduce many diseases like diabetes and some cancers.

·        I found this article very interesting and was very intrigued. I began following this article dedicatedly.

·        Initially, it was bit difficult to follow but I began seeing the results which kept me motivated.

·        Lastly, I have shared this article with so many friends and relatives.

Speaking part - 2

Describe a healthy lifestyle you know. You should say:

Ø What it is?

Ø How you know it?

Ø What one would do living in this lifestyle?

Ø Explain why it is healthy?

·        Health is one of the most precious things in our life today, so it is vital to live a healthy lifestyle.

·        Due to the advancement in the technology most of the work is being done by individuals with the help of equipment rather than manually, however, in order to stay healthy, people do numbers of the things.

·        Some people join gym, do some physical activities like swimming, skipping or even consult a dietician.

·        Today, I would like to describe a lifestyle which includes regular exercises and good eating habits.

·        As I’m also a fitness freak person and I am always concerned about it.

·        Firstly, I joined gym near my home.

·        I go there everyday and do exercise for approximately 1.5 hours.

·        At first, I do worm up and running for 10 minutes. As well as, I do weight lifting as per my weekly schedule.

·        On the other hand, I do some stretching exercises and meditation to make myself more flexible.

·        I also take smoothies in breakfast after returning from gym. Moreover, I always try to eat in moderation and avoid those eatable items which contain too much fats and carbs.

·        All of these efforts make you a stronger person, both physically and mentally. I have reduced a lot of weight after joining the gym and now my body is in good shape/desired shape.

·        Lastly, I encourage many friends and relatives to live a healthy lifestyle. As it is famously quoted that “Health is the real wealth.”

Prepositions

PREPOSITIONS

 At                                                                                                                                        

At home

At university

At school

At work

At college

At the bottom

At the top

At the story

At a reception

In

In the sky

In a boat

In a car

In a taxi

In the newspaper

In a helicopter

In a lift

In a row

In New York

On

On the way

On a ship

On a plane

On a bus

On a train

On the left

On the right

On the radio

On a bicycle

Writing Task - 2

Students in school should learn academic subject and pass exams other skills such as cookery, dressmaking and wood work can be learnt well from family and friends.

Do you agree or disagree?

Hook statement: - Education plays an imperative role in attaining zenith of success to have a sophisticated life in later years.

Importance of academic subjects: -

·       The basic knowledge of academic subjects such as math, life science, social science and language makes children well informed citizen of tomorrow.

·       Enables children to become competent to face future circumstances.

·       Bring better career prospects.

·       Make children more confident

·       Exploring things become easy for students.

Importance of Non academic subjects: -

·       Nonacademic subject like craft and other vocational subjects improves intelligence level of students. Example recent researches claim that there is a direct correlation between hand and eye coordination and the development of the brain.

·       Helpful in learning academic subjects through real life application such as math.

·       Craft education takes away gender stereotypes (no gender inequality) both girls and boys can learn and adopt the skills.

·       If such subjects are taught in school then students /school goers can adopt them as career options after school and start earning early on in life.

Conclusion: - Both academic and non-academic subjects are equally important to be learnt by school goers for overall development/growth. On the other hand, negligence of one can hinder the growth of the children.

Writing Task - 2

Many countries now have people from different cultures and ethnic groups.

What is the reason for this?

Is it a positive or a negative development?

It is irrefutable that the 21^st century has witnessed the surprisingly increasing formation of multicultural societies where people who belong to different culture, religion and nation live together.

Reasons: -

1.     Development of technology (in this contemporary world there are various methods which provide aid in broadening the horizon about other countries by searching on google and you tube).

2.     Education + Example

3.     Better living standard.

4.     Development nations excellent services like, health care services.

5.     More job opportunities + example.

6.     Good transportation.

 Positives: -

1.     Development the economic level + example.

2.     Development of society.

3.     This trend promotes different customs and traditions such as new language, food and fashion etcetera.

4.     Small country’s culture gets an international standard which is beneficial for the nation to which it belongs example.

Negatives: -

1.     Cultural conflicts which create disturbance in the society.

2.     Racism/racial discrimination.

3.     Xenophobia.

Conclusion: - Multicultural diversities and multi-ethnic societies have more benefits than its drawbacks if they are managed properly by the government.

Writing Task - 2

As the world is becoming more global more and more languages are dying out. Some people believe that life would be easy if there will be less number of languages in the world.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is undeniable that language is the means with help of which we can express our thought and feeling and there are numerous languages which are spoken throughout the world and as the world is becoming more globalized, more and more people are speaking similar languages due to which many of the languages are becoming extinct. It is asserted that life will be easy with less number of languages which is the topic of further discussion.

To dive into the topic, I partly standup with the statement as due to less number of dialects it will be very easy for people to communicate to each other which will definitely improve harmony not only between people but also nations. Moreover, with less number of languages in the world, tradesmen will have more opportunities to expand their business operations globally.

Secondly, apart from these benefits migrations and immigrations to other countries will become more convenient as it would be easy for people to move to foreign locations for work, study and so on. In addition to this, if language barrier is removed it would be easy for nation to understand and help each other by sharing and exchanging their technology and resources and they will be able to assist each other more appropriately.

Thirdly, flipping to the other side, due to less number of languages it will be easy for people to lose their identity as this will lead to people forgetting their History and culture in the long run. Also, a piece of history may also be lost as many historical texts and manuscripts may not be understandable.

Taking everything into an account my foregone conclusion is that without a doubt like would be easy with less number of dialects in the world as it will promote peace and harmony but it should be kept in mind that this trend also leads to individual losing their sense of identity and culture.

Speaking part - 2

                         1 Describe a time when you had a bad dream.

Ø  When

Ø  What was the dream

Ø  Why was it bad

Ø  How you felt.

Dreams are a very common and natural part of a person’s life. Everyone dreams while in their sub conscious state. Some dreams are positive where as some are negative so, here I’d like to talk about a bad dream I saw usually, I do not remember my dreams when I wake up the next day, but this is a dream that I can never forget. So, it was the time of my 12^th board examinations and I was studying till late at night, as I had physics exam the next day. As I have always been an average student in this subject, so was very tensed because I wanted to score good. I did not realize when I fell asleep and dreamt that my exams were over and it was the day when my result was about to be announced. So, I entered my roll number and other required details and checked the result on the website that, I was failed. I was shocked and my family scolded me a lot and even took away my mobile phone and grounded me. Apart from it my teacher asked me to repeat the class and all my friends passed with flying colors and were making fun of me suddenly I woke up and I was sweating and shivering with fear. I saw that it was 2:30 am and I took a sigh of relief, drank a glass of water, chanted the name of god and went back to sleep again. So, this was the bad dream that I saw.

                          2 Describe a time when you visited a fair.

Ø  When and where

Ø  With whom

Ø  What you did

Ø  How you felt

India is a diverse and multi-cultural country where different kind of fairs also known as carnivals are organized on various festivals. So here I’d like to tell about a fair that I visited last month. This fair is held in my hometown every year for Diwali festival and lasts for two weeks. Since my childhood I get fascinated by fairs. It is held in an open field approximately two kms away from my home. I decided to go with my friends and we reached there at around 6 pm.

When we reached there, we saw that the place was filled with crowd and hustle bustle. There were a lot of vendors selling different kind of things like accessories, clothes kitchenware and home decor. First of all, we decided to go on the amusement rides. It was quite difficult for us to choose which ride to take, as there were too many. There after we went on bumper cars, pendulum ride, dragon ride, roller coaster and Ferris wheel, from where the whole view of the carnival was visible. After that, we went to try the delicious food from the stalls as we all were starving. Further, there were a lot of hawkers selling balloon, sweets and toys. Moreover, scouts and guides were present there helping in avoiding any chaos. At last we enjoyed the cultural programs, puppet dance and few games.

Overall, it was a wonderful experience. We clicked a lot of pictures, had a really good time and created a lot of memories.

Writing Task - 2

Young people are often influenced in their behaviours and situations by others of the same age. This is called “peer pressure”. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

·         Peer pressure: - influence of similar age group.

·         Peer: - a person who is of the same age or position in society as you.

·         Starting line: - companionship and making friends with the same age group has become prevalent among youngsters.

Positives

v  Peer can set good example for each other and can encourage each other to make choices that benefit them. To exemplify, if a peer group values academics achievement, they can influence those around them to study harder and get ahead in school.

v  It can make children try out things that they are uncomfortable with and this can raise their self confidence and make them more flexible.

v  This can also be helpful in abandoning negative habits.

v  Provides the sense of support and belonging.

v  Support through challenges fruitful in facing traumatic or difficult events that affect emotional well - being.

Negatives

v  In order to conform, (adjust/follow/to fit in) youngsters may engage in self destructive behaviour like smoking, abusing drugs, drinking alcohol, shoplifting etcetera.

v  The influence of similar age group may flow their good academic opportunities and results in making poor decisions that ruin their career.

v  It can cause drastic change in teen behaviours and children can develop bad attitudes or unkind demeanor (behaviour), Which in turn may lead to even more rebellious behaviour among children.

v  Peer pressure promotes herd mentality.

o   Restricts them to think independently

o   Stifles their creativity, innovation and growth.

v  It can cause one to lose their identity.

v  It can rob individual’s self-confidence.

Writing Task - 1

The process diagram details the step by which liquid chocolate is produced from cocoa beans.

The picture illustrates the procedure of making liquid chocolate by harvested cocoa beans.

 At the hit of the nail it is seen that the first stage begins with sowing cocoa seeds in such countries as South American, Africa and Indonesia. Where the trees are cultivated until they bear ripe red pods. Once the plants have fully grown, pods containing white beans are picked and their content is extracted to be fermented in the next step. In the subsequent step, beans are exposed to sun, which hardens them in an open space.

Another remarkable feature is that when beans are fully dried then they are packed in large sacks. At this step, the raw material is ready to be sent to the production stage by transport. Next stages are totally mechanical and takes place in manufacturing units. In factory, first beans are roasted at very high temperature (350 degree centigrade), after which they are milled in a rotatory machinery, with unwanted outer shells being removed. Eventually, inner part of beans is pressed to reach liquid chocolate.

Overall, this is a mostly mechanical process consisting of two most essential stages, preparing raw material, which is cocoa beans and their further processing taking place in a factory.

Grammar

                                                                Active to Passive

                                                    Subject to Object

                                                            Object to Subject

                            Change main verb into 3^rd form use preposition ‘by’.

Active                                                                                                                   

Present Tense                                                                                                          

Simple present – sub+v1+s/es+object                                                                                   

Present continuous – sub+is/am/are+v1+ing+object                                                         

Present perfect – sub+has/have+v3+object                                                                         

Present perfect continuous – sub+has/have+been+v1+ing+object                                 

Past Tense                                                                                                                                   

Simple present – Subject+V2+ object                                                                                    

Present continuous – Subject+was/were+v1+ing+ object                                                 

Present perfect – Subject+had+v2+object                                                                            

Present perfect continuous – Subject+had+been+v1+ing+ object                                   

Future Tense                                                                                                                                

Simple future – Subject+will+v1+ object                                                                               

Future Continuous – Subject+will+be+v1+ing+ object                                                         

Future perfect – Subject+will+have+v3+object                                                                     

Future perfect continuous – Subject+will+have+been+v1+ing+ object 

Passive

Present

Subject+is/am/are+V3+ object

Subject+is/am/are+being+V3+ object

Subject+has/have+been+v3+ object

no change

Past

Subject+V3+ object

Subject+was/were+being+v3+ object

Subject+had+been+v3+ object

no change

Future

Simple future – Subject+will+be+v3+ object

Future Continuous – No change

Future perfect – Sub+will+have+been+v3+object

Future perfect continuous – Sub+will+have+ Been+v1+ing+object

Speaking Part - 2

1 Describe a person who has interesting ideas or opinion.

Ø  Who is that person?

Ø  How do you know him/her?

Ø  Why do you think he/has interesting ideas or opinion?

Having a creative mind is really a blessing, not everyone can get unique ideas. Even I need to think harder in order to get interesting ideas, but I know a person for whom it is a piece of cake to get interesting ideas and to give opinion. That person is my cousin xx. I got to know about her creative mind on 25^th anniversary of her parents. When we got invitation for that celebration, we thought my uncle and aunt will cut the cake on that occasion. When we reached there, we were astonished to all see the decoration of their home. It was looking like a real wedding might happen there. My cousin was handling that party and included unique ideas to entertain the guests. They welcomed everyone by giving real flower. Even my uncle came on elephant. The surprising part was when my aunt came on bullet. She was looking like a bride. Moreover, we played many amusing games and had time of our life.

There have been many occasions when xx showed her talent. I don’t know how she gets so unique and interesting ideas but she is a true entertainer, moreover, she also gives interesting opinions. She always views situation from different angle which shows her smartness. Everyone wants to be around her and be her friend because of this trait. She really has a creative mind.

2 Describe an interesting or important letter you received.

Ø  When and where you received?

Ø  Who sent it to you?

Ø  What the content of the letter was?

Ø  How reacted you to it?

Well, I would like to speak about the first offer letter that I received from a multinational company. In the year 2020 when I completed my graduation and I wanted a job in the management field so I applied for the post of Junior Manager in a reputed company. After few days, I received a call for an interview.

It was my first interview and my preparations were not up to the mark that’s why I was feeling very nervous. But after some days I got offer letter from that company on my email id for the same post and they offered an attractive salary also. I was so happy to know about it; email letter also contained the terms and conditions of job responsibilities and my joining date. They also offered 20 days stay in a five-star hotel near to company on their cost so that I could arrange my living place.

I was very happy and my job knew no bound. I called my family members, relatives and friends and told them about my offer letter. It is one of the best moments of my life which I can never forget.

Writing Task - 2

Children are experiencing increasing educational, social and commercial pressures.

What are the causes?

What measures do you think can be taken to reduce them?

Children of this generation are under more stress than their counterparts of previous one. These days, adolescents are known to be put under immense pressure on many aspects of their lives both in their private and public perspectives. Thus, this essay will have a glance on rationales behind this phenomenon along with Some plausible measures to taken this issue in subsequent segments.

Causes

1 Rising standards of academic + example (in this competitive era, in order to obtain admission to eminent colleges students must work hard, which is extremely stressful).

2 Family pressure.

3 Peer pressure.

4 Social media: - To explain it, offspring experience the compulsion to confirm with their friends. This means they spend more time on social media platforms and try to be “cool’’. consequently, the fear of being ostracized by the online community engenders anxiety in them.

5 Cut throat competition to acquire a job or startups.

6 Consumerist humanity.

Solutions

1 Government should organize campaigns in the media and schools to educate scholars and parents both. In these programs, children should be taught to be cooperative rather than competitive.

2 Parents should let their children decide to make their career choice rather than forcing them.

3 A balance approach is needed in all the levels of education.

4 Meditation and yoga for mental relaxation.

Conclusion: - Nowadays, competition between youngsters has inclined and forcing them to opt academic subjects for having prosperous career and future create pressure among them. However, this problem can be addressed through educating both children as well as guardians.

Grammar

For making the sentence we need three things

Ø  Subject

Ø  Verb

Ø  Object

1. Subject:                                    

Singular                                                         Plural

He, she, It, I                                            You, I, we, they, are

Singular Name                                        Plural Name 

2. Verb

Main verb: - Read, speak, feel, run, go…

Axuilary Verb Helping verb

(1) Helping verb + main verb (Be, is, am, are, was, were, Do, Did, does, has, have, had).

(2) Modals: - Can, could, would, should, may, might, must, ought, will, shall.

Total helping verbs are 22 + Been, being = 24.

3. Object

Object is the thing for which we are discussing in the sentence.

EG: - Rohan plays cricket

          Rohan is Subject

          Plays are verb

          Cricket is Object

EG: - Rohan is teaching Math.

             S    H.V.    M.V.    Object  

Speaking Part - 2

Describe about a skill that you did not learned from school/college.

Ø  What is it?

Ø  Where did you learned it?

Ø  Who taught you?

Ø  Why did you learn it?

Ø  How was your experience?

It is well known that a skill can be learned from anywhere and anytime. It has no boundaries or limitations as it can be learned from any platform so, here I would like to talk about a skill that I have learned outside school or not from school.

I’m a nature lover who loves to be surrounded by nature. So, I always had a knack for gardening which I learned from my mother. She loves to do gardening in her leisure time at home. I used to admire her while doing/practicing gardening. Thus, there are plenty of reasons behind learning this activity. Firstly, as I belong to an Indian culture where majority of people’s occupation is farming. Second is I’m a person who is into organic lifestyle and like to consume home-grown veggies which contains no harmful chemicals. Lastly, I am a firm believer of a popular quote that health is the real wealth.

Speaking Part - 2

1 Describe a product made in the region you come from or a popular product from your hometown.

What it is how it looks like.

What is it used for?

How is it made.

Explain why is it popular.

All we know that India is a diverse nation numbers of items of different varieties are available in different region. As government supports the local their business as a result of this many products are made and used by as souvenirs by tourists. Here I would like to talk about one such product which is Kanchipuram silk saree a type of silk saree made in the Kanchipuram region in Tamil Nadu, India. These sarees are worn as bridal and special occasion by most women in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka.

These sarees are woven from Pune mulberry silk thread. The border color and design are usually quite different from the body, moreover, in this saree, body and border are woven separately and then interlocked together. It is symbolic of traditional methods of doing craft by local people and it holds importance in weeding and important occasion. Not only it carries a traditional importance but also provides financial support to the region because of its popularity among the individuals to buy it. By using these kinds of traditional products is like taking the legacy from generation to generation.

2 Describe a person you know who is from a different culture.

You should say.

Who he / she is?

Where he/she is from?

How you know him/her?

Explain how you feel about him/her?

Introduction- Well it is common these days for individuals to make friends who come from different culture and credit goes to globalization.

There are no geographical boundaries as a result of this, individuals interact with the others all around the world with the help of social media. Here I want to talk about one of my friends who is from different culture and name of that person is Yamen, he is from Turkey and I found him on a chatting platform on Instagram. One day I was trying to find a Turkish speaking person to chat to and this is something I often do to improve my Turkish ability. As I took online classes to of Turkish language.

We became friends in no time. The fact is that I have a huge interest in knowing about the traditions and customs of Turkey and Yamen is also equally interested to travel in India. Therefore, during this conversation on chat, he asked me many things regarding Indian culture and traditional places to visit in India.

Now we have become good friends and we frequently chat during this time, and by chatting with Yamen I got to learn a lot about Turkish culture. For instance, he described the beauty of Istanbul. It is surrounded by lush green area and seas. The tea is very popular among the Turkish people and he taught me the way tea is prepared traditionally.

Now I’m looking forward to seeing Yamen in India where I will personally meet him.

3 Describe a time you made decision to wait for something.

You should say,

When it happened.

What you waited for?

Why you made this decision?

And explain how you felt while waiting.

It is undeniable that time is the most important resource at our disposal. We have no stone unturned to save it, and due to this, society is becoming impatient. There are numbers of occasions where an individual prefers to wait and one such example is worth mentioning. It was the time of the last year when I waited for three months to save money for an apple mac laptop. But I needed to purchase a laptop at that time my parents did not allow me for purchasing it I was a college student and my work thrives primarily on laptop because it helps me to search for information quickly.

Due to my brother’s carelessness, my laptop broke down. I repaired but it did not perform well. At that time, I decided to purchase an apple mac laptop but I planned to wait for three months. I made this decision because it was the time of Diwali occasion. Companies like amazon and flip kart provide huge discounts on this occasion. Due to that I decided to wait so that I could save money to buy other things of my choice.

Although the task of waiting for three months was ?? still I survived on the slow speed and outdated version of the laptop. Somehow, I waited for three months and eventually when an apple mac laptop reached my place, I took sigh of relief. I got a decent discount and it was work waiting for.

Writing Task - 2

Although more and more people read newspaper on the internet, newspaper will remain the most important source of news for majority of people.

To what extant do you agree or disagree?

It is undeniable that, everyone needs to know what is happening around them and in the society and to know this, they collect information from various sources. Nowadays, major proportion of people are morning toward reading news online. How ever even today newspaper are considered to be the most prominent means of gathering information. Will it continue to be the same is the concern in our upcoming paragraph.

To dive in to the topic, I partly discord with statement first and foremost as more and more people are relying on smart devices which are connected to internet 24/7 and hence it can gather real time information regarding the events and the news presented on such media application are quick to look and this can same a lot of time of masses and at the same time they can be aware about the things happening around.

Secondly, all the news applications like in shorts, TOI, and soon. Categorize the news accordingly in different section like sports, business, national and more so that people can believe. Moreover, these technical gadgets are there source can easily be knows.

Thirdly, flipping to the other side, reading hard copy is still preferred for by people rather than reading on screen and many of the senior citizen a still habitual of reading newspaper along with morning tea. In addition to this, it is very easy to spread rumors on internet and because of this many people do not believe in internet.

Taking everything into an account my forgone conclusion, newspapers are still considered as most imperative source of information but eventually this attitude may alter and reliance on newspaper will fall in future but it can never be completely replace.

Advantages / Disadvantages

There seems to be an increasing trend to wards assessing students through exams rather than continual assessment.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of exams as a form of assessment?

Intro Assessment :- the most vital purpose of assessment and evaluation is to improve students learning and it is will aligned with positive outcomes.

Advantages :- 1. Exams are conducted few times in a year. Which gives students a plenty of time to learn and understand.

2. This might further boost their academic performance.

3. This could be convenient for the institution as there might not be continuous burden to assess.

4. Benefits in memory improvement.

5. Spirit of completion.

6. Self analysis of  one’s own abilities.

Disadvantages :- 1. Source of stress and pressure.

2. Exams are a formality.

3. Examinations are not the real test.

4. Failures in any early exam may lower the one’s confidence.

Conclusion :- To conclude assessing scholars is not an easy task for the teachers as every learner has district capabilities and periodic examinations might generate a broader picture of only academic success. Never the less its demerits could be detrimental in some cases due to various reasons.

Maps

The maps below show the center of a small town called Islip as it in now, and plans for its development.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

 The two maps illustrate the current and future layout of Islip town center often some modifications.

At the hit of the nail, it can be clearly seen that currently the main road passes through the market center which will only be accessible by pedestrians. In addition to this a dual carriageway road will be paved around the town center. Additionally all the shops on the north side of main road will be replaced by bus station, shopping station, car park and some new housing from west to east, while the entrance to the new housing will be from north east.

 Another remarkable feature is that no changes will be done to the location of shops to the south of the main road and school as well as park but the park will be reduced and several more housing will be constructed along with the existing ones.

In the epilogue the whole town center will be transformed and their will be more services and residential area in the center.

Writing Task - 1 (Table Chart)

The table below presents the food consumption per person weekly in a European country in 1992,2002, and 2012.

The line graph compares about how much gram of food consumed  per person weekly in a European country during 20 years, from 1192 to 2012.

At a cursory glance it can be manifested that, among all the food items, meat observed  a fluctuated trend throughout the period .however, the highest amount of food was eaten by European citizens was vegetables in 1992 at  2140grams,while, The consumption of vegetables rose slightly over the years and reached at its highest peak at  2220 grams in 2012.on the other hand,. 1148 grams of meat were ingested  in 1992,interestingly, The proportion of meat experienced a small surge of more than 60 grams in 2002 before dropping back to 1132 grams after a decade.

Another remarkable feature is that , there was a drastic upward trend  for ingestion of wheat from 837 grams to 977 grams over the two decades. on contrary, Bean consumption was 532 grams, fourfold higher than that of cheese which was only 113 grams in 1992,whilst,the intake of bean saw a significant upward trend throughout the time frame . By contrast, after going up, in  2002 witnessed the unchanged amount of cheese in the next ten  years period.

In the epilogue, consumption of vegetables was higher in a proportion over the span, conversely,, cheese was less preferred by the Europeans.

Advantages / Disadvantages

Nowadays experience is more valued in the workplace than the knowledge in many Countries.

Do you think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Introduction :- Proper Education is the foundation that leads to a best employment. In this competitive epoch, in order to land a new job, it is necessary to have experience in relevant field.

Advantages :- 1. There are various jobs that cannot be perform appropriately without adequate experience such as – Doctors, Teachers etcetera. They must not have merely specific degree but also must complete internship to develop these dauting tasks.

2. Several professions like Painters, Builders and many more do not require a degree. Workers in these domains become perfect by doing continuous practice as it is undeniable that “Practice makes a man perfect.” Students can learn these skills through apprenticeship programs in short period of time.

3. On the job learning has a lot of significance. The knowledge gained through practical experience is industry relevant example.

4. People learn crucial skills at workplace.

5. If masses gain more experience in the same field eventually, they master the skills and not forget them forever.

Disadvantages :- 1. Schools and universities only teach theoretical concepts. These learnings are not applied by professionals.

 2. Freshers will not get job opportunities easily which leads to unemployment among qualified youngsters.

3. Promoting low educated. This ends up ignoring individuals with brilliant talents and intelligent people who have less working background.

Conclusion :- The knowledge masses gain from experience is undoubtedly more valuable than book knowledge. However, the main factor that should be taken into consideration is the kind of work we are talking about.

Types of Tenses

                                                                                                 TENSES

Discuss Both Views - Tourism

Some people think that it is necessary to travel abroad to learn about other countries, while other people think that it is not necessary to travel abroad because all the information can be seen on TV and the internet.

Discuss both the view and give your opinion.

The concept behind this questions is “ARMCHAIR TOURISM’’: A fairly new way of exploring the earth without having to physically travel.

Introducing line:-Tourism industry has flourished massively over the past year and has seen new heights of achievement.

1^st View:

•          - Individual can gain an accurate and deep understanding of any nation.
•          - People start to accept and respect other cultures existing in the world.
•          - It fulfills the concept of globalization.
•          - Real life experience.

2^nd view:

•         - Inexpensive
•         - Boon for grey haired and differently abled masses
•         - Safe
•         - No planning required
•     -Hassle free

Opinion:

• - Visiting other countries is beneficial in many respects.
•         -  Rejuvenation
•          - An opportunity to broaden up horizons which can be never be done by the passive activity of watching something on the screen.

Conclusion:

No doubt armchair tourism has immense advantages but can never replace the importance of international travel for better experience and knowledge.

WRITING TASK 2 ESSAY # TRADITIONAL FOOD

Academic Writing Task 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Convenience foods will become increasingly prevalent and eventually replace traditional foods and traditional methods of food preparation. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience
Write at least 250 words.

Sample Answer

Recent years have witnessed a dramatic change in the type of food people consume. Nowadays, convenience foods or most commonly known as processed foods form a major part of most people’s diet, especially in developed countries. Considering the strong influence of this trend on global food habits, it is often claimed that the popularity of such foods will rise substantially in the future and traditional foods will disappear. I completely agree with this statement.

There are two main reasons why processed foods are likely to become more popular in the coming years. Firstly, the decline in family size and the increase in single-adult households have rendered cooking unnecessary. In the past, people lived in large families where one person looked after time-consuming domestic tasks such growing and preparing food.  Definitely, this way of living was more economical in those times. But, in today’s fast-paced world, where nuclear and single parent families have become the norm, preparing food daily is often seen as a useless and boring activity.

Secondly, the number of full-time working mothers is increasing day by day. Maintaining a fine balance between personal and work life has become a herculean task for many females. Most of them, therefore, prefer to use the fastest means of satisfying their children’s hunger. Since convenience foods take less time to prepare, they generally turn out to be the easiest option. Undoubtedly, this trend is a serious threat to the existence of traditional foods as our young children are highly likely to imitate what they see every day.

To sum up, I strongly believe that there is a close relation between our way of living and food habits. In this modern world, people are choosing ready to eat foods over conventional foods for two main reasons mentioned above. If this trend continues, I have no doubt that traditional food will become a thing of the past. (313 Words. IELTS Band 9 Standard)

IETLS ESSAY # SOCIALIZE ONLINE RATHER THAN FACE TO FACE

IETLS Essay # socialize online rather than face to face

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write at least 250 words.

Nowadays, more people are choosing to socialize online rather than face to face. Is this a positive or negative development?

Sample Answer:

Nowadays the trend of socialising online is increasing day by day. People do not like to meet others in person and prefer meeting online. I strongly believe that this is a negative development.

There are different problems that can arise from people socialising online. Firstly, it can lead to depression. In the name of communication, technology is creating a gap between humans. Meeting online lacks intimacy while meeting someone in person makes the relationship stronger and long-lasting. Physical proximity relieves stress as whenever one is feeling emotionally down, a warm hug can make them feel better which is not possible online. It is human tendency to have face to face interaction with others, which makes them feel better and cures depression.

The second negative is that it is risky in terms of security. People make fake identities on social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram and trap innocent people. This type of cybercrime is most popular in developing countries, where such criminals are mostly involved in human trafficking. Cyber bullying is also a major issue, as the person on the other side of the screen can misuse one’s chats and bully them. Apart from that hacking personal information also puts an individual’s security into danger.

Finally, there are some health-related drawbacks due to online socialisation. Spending too much time on mobile phones and computers for socialising can lead to an unhealthy lifestyle which causes obesity. Increased screen time is the also the reason behind poor eyesight specially among teenagers. Apart from that it also affects brain capacity to focus and learn new things.

In conclusion, I would like to stick to my point of view that online conversations have changed the idea of socialising in a negative manner. (291 words)